Pump-Probe Laser

The optical laser – known internally as the Pump-Probe (PP) laser – is a non-collinear parametric amplifier (NOPA) developed by the Laser Group at European XFEL to match the pulse structure of the FEL. It delivers bursts of pulses at 10 Hz with variable intra-burst repetition rate and is synchronized with the FEL. Details of the laser can be found in the following publications:

M. Pergament et al. Optics Express 22 (18) 22202 (2014)

M. Pergament et al. Optics Express 24 (26), 29349 (2016)

The laser has two fundamental operating wavelengths – 800 nm and 1030 nm. The 800 nm beam can be configured to 15 fs or 50 fs. The 1030 nm beam is 850 fs long and will be compressed in a multi-pass Herriot cell (HMPC) to either 40 fs or 150 fs (this is currently being developed). The key difference between them is the pulse energy at a given repetition rate. At 800nm, 2mJ pulses are available only at 113 kHz, whereas at 1030 nm, the same pulse energy is available at 1.1 MHz. Second- and third harmonics of these wavelengths are available for 800 nm at 50 fs and 1030nm at 40 fs. The table below summarizes the parameters of both the 800nm and 1030nm lasers available for experiments at different intra-burst repetition rates.

PP laser main working points
repetition rate
pulse duration (800 nm)
pulse energy (800 nm)
pulse duration (1030 nm)
pulse energy (1030 nm)
4.5 MHz
15 fs or 50 fs
0.05 mJ
< 1 ps
1 mJ
1.1 MHz
15 fs or 50 fs
0.2 mJ
< 1ps
4 mJ
564 kHz
15 fs or 50 fs
0.4 mJ
< 1ps
10 mJ
113 kHz
15 fs or 50 fs
2 mJ
< 1ps
40 mJ

Frequency conversion from 800nm using a commercial optical parametric amplifier (OPA, TOPAS from Light Conversion) allows wavelength tuning from mid-infrared to ultraviolet at 113 kHz and 564 kHz intra-burst repletion rates.

Currently in development, the 150 fs pulses at 1030 nm and 1.1 MHz are used in combination with another commercial OPA (Orpheus from Light Conversion). It is intended for mid-infrared and THz pulse generation via difference frequency generation.

 

A future development is to add a second OPA, which will share a white light source with the first. Difference frequency generation between the outputs of these OPAs will allow for wider frequency tuning and carrier-envelope stable pulses.

Laser in-coupling

A dedicated chamber (denoted LIN) located between the KB mirrors and the experiment end station forms a permanent site for coupling optical laser beams into the beam line vacuum and bringing them to the sample.

In addition to the LIN, each of the three experimental end stations (FFT, CHEM and XRD) has its own laser in-coupling options.