2D X-ray Detectors

The requirements for the 2-dimensional X-ray detectors have been described in H. Graafsma: “Requirements for and development of 2-dimensional X-ray detectors for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser in Hamburg”, Jour. Inst. 4 P12011, 2009.
In order to meet the dynamic range and fast framing challenge, 3 projects have been funded that each try to meet the challenge in a conceptually different manner.

AGIPD (Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector)

The AGIPD is a hybrid pixel detector that employs a dynamically switched gain for the large dynamic range and an analogue pipe-line for in pixel frame storage during the bunch trains.
The AGIPD Project is led by DESY and is a collaboration between DESY – PSI – University of Bonn and the University of Hamburg. The goal is a 1000 by 1000 pixel detector, with 200 micron pixel size and a central hole for the primary beam.
 

DSSC (DEPFET Sensor with Signal Compression)

DSSC is using a sensor chip with a DEPFET for each pixel. The DEPFET has a non-linear gain response providing the large dynamic range. The readout ASIC has built-in ADC’s and digital pipeline storage. The sensor has hexagonal pixels at an approximately 200 micron pitch. The DSSC Consortium is led by MPI-HLL (Munich) and has the following partners: Deutsches Elektonen Synchrotron DESY, Ruprecht-Karl-Universität Heidelberg, Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Università degli Studi di Bergamo and the Universität Siegen.

LPD (Large Pixel Detector)

LPD is also a hybrid pixel detector, using three parallel gains (low-medium-high) per pixel as well as three corresponding analogue pipelines. The three fold layout requires relatively large pixels of 500 microns. Like the other two projects, the goal is a 1000 x 1000 pixel system.